Inyungu z'ikirahure mugupakira imiti

Igikorwa cyo gupakira ni ingirakamaro muri kamere.Kugeza ubu, ibikorwa bifatika biracyafite uruhare runini muburyo n'imikorere yo gupakira.Ntabwo igira uruhare gusa mu gutwara no kuzenguruka ibicuruzwa, ahubwo inatuma ibicuruzwa bitangwa mu buryo bushimishije.Igishushanyo mbonera no guteza imbere ibipfunyika by’ibiyobyabwenge ni ngombwa kugira ngo habeho gutwara neza, kubika no gucunga ibiyobyabwenge.

Ibikoresho byo gupakira imiti bikozwe muri plastiki cyangwa ikirahure.Muri rusange, ibirahuri nibyiza kuko byoroshye kwanduza.

Muri iki kiganiro, turaganira ku buryo ikirahuri gikoreshwa mu gupakira ibiyobyabwenge n’inyungu bizana nyuma yo gukoreshwa.

Mbere ya byose, reka tuganire ku bwoko bw'ikirahure cy'imiti icupa. Mu myaka mirongo, uruganda rukora imiti rwakoresheje ibirahuri kugirango rutange ibicuruzwa byizewe kandi byizewe ku bicuruzwa byinshi.Uku kwishingikiriza cyane kubintu bimwe biterwa ninyungu nyinshi.Mu myaka yashize, ubwoko bune bwikirahure bwatejwe imbere, cyane cyane kubipakira ibiyobyabwenge.

1.Ubwoko bwa mbere: ikirahure kirenze kirahure.Ubu bwoko bwikirahure burimo imiti kandi ifite imbaraga zo guhangana.Ikirahuri cya Borosilicate gikoresha molekile ya boron na aluminium zinc kugirango isimbuze alkali nubutaka bwubutaka, bityo bigakora ikirahure kiramba bihagije kirimo aside ikomeye na alkali. Ubu bwoko bwikirahure burimo imiti kandi ifite imbaraga zo guhangana.Ikirahuri cya Borosilicate ikoresha molekile ya boron na aluminium zinc kugirango isimbuze alkali nubutaka bwa ion, bityo bigakora ikirahure kiramba bihagije kirimo aside ikomeye na alkali.
2.Ubwoko bwa kabiri: ikirahuri cya soda hamwe no kuvura hejuru.Ubu bwoko bwikirahure burimo imiti kuruta ibirahuri bya borosilike.Kuvura sulfure bikorwa hejuru yikirahuri cya soda kugirango wirinde gupakira ikirere.Ubu bwoko bwikirahure burimo imiti kuruta ibirahuri bya borosilike.Kuvura sufuru bikorwa hejuru yikirahuri cya soda kugirango wirinde gupakira ikirere.
3.Ubwoko bwa gatatu: ikirahuri gisanzwe cya soda.Ubu bwoko bwo gupakira ibirahuri bisa nubwoko bwa kabiri.Ntabwo yigeze ivurwa, bityo imiti irwanya imiti ntabwo yigeze itezwa imbere. Ubu bwoko bwo gupakira ibirahuri busa nubwoko bwa kabiri.Ntabwo yigeze ivurwa, bityo imiti irwanya imiti ntabwo yigeze itezwa imbere.
4.Ubwoko bwa kane: ikirahuri rusange cya soda.Mubisanzwe, ubu bwoko bwikirahuri bukoreshwa gusa mugupakira ibicuruzwa byo munwa cyangwa hanze. Muri rusange, ubu bwoko bwikirahuri bukoreshwa gusa mugupakira ibicuruzwa byo munwa cyangwa hanze.

Birasanzwe kurangi ibirahure kugirango urinde ibicuruzwa ingaruka zumucyo ultraviolet kumikorere yawo.Amber n'umutuku ni amabara asanzwe akoreshwa muguhagarika imirase yangiza.

Ibikurikira, tuzaganira kumikorere rusange yo gupakira ibirahuri mubuzima bwa buri munsi.Ubusembure bwa chimique,

Kubintu byinshi bishobora gukoreshwa mubipfunyika ibirahure, ikirahure ntikizakorwa nabo, kandi umutekano ni mwinshi;

Inzitizi nini: Imikorere myiza yo kurinda, ikomeye kandi irwanya umuvuduko, inzitizi nziza, itandukanijwe rwose n’umwuka w’amazi, ogisijeni na karuboni ya dioxyde, bityo ikabikwa neza;

Gukorera mu mucyo mwinshi: Ifite umucyo mwinshi kandi irashobora gukorwa mubirahuri byamabara, byoroshye gukora.Irashobora gukorwa mubikoresho bipakira muburyo butandukanye no mubunini hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bwo gukora no gutunganya, bifite ingaruka zidasanzwe zo gutunganya ibicuruzwa.

Gukomera cyane: Imiterere y'icupa ry'ikirahure ntigihinduka mugihe cyo kugurisha, gishobora kugabanya ubukana bwibikoresho byo hanze bipakira kandi bikagabanya igiciro.

Kurwanya umuvuduko w'imbere: Cyane cyane kubipakira ibinyobwa cyangwa aerosole irimo gaze ya acide karubone, icupa ryigituba nikintu cyingenzi cyane

Kurwanya ubushyuhe bwiza: Ikirahure gifite imbaraga zo kurwanya ubushyuhe, gifite agaciro cyane mubikorwa bya farumasi.Ibicuruzwa bikoreshwa mu bya farumasi akenshi bigomba kubikwa ku bushyuhe runaka kugira ngo bitangirika kandi imikorere yabyo idahinduka.Kubwibyo, ikirahuri kirashobora gukoreshwa kugirango ubushyuhe bwiza bwibicuruzwa burimo.Ibihe byingenzi aho ubushyuhe bwo hejuru busabwa mugihe cyo gupakira ni: kuzuza ubushyuhe, guhumeka cyangwa guhagarika ibintu muri kontineri, no guhagarika ibintu hamwe numwuka ushushe.Ikirahure kirashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe burenze 500 and, kandi burashobora gukoreshwa kubintu byose byavuzwe haruguru.

Igiciro gito: Ikirahure gikungahaye kubikoresho fatizo, biri hasi kubiciro, kandi bifite umutungo wo gutunganya.

Mugabanye igiciro cyibicuruzwa kandi wungukire kubakoresha

Amacupa ya plastike ahwanye na 20% yikiguzi cy'umusaruro, mugihe ikiguzi cy'icupa ry'ibirahure cyo gutunganya ari gito cyane.Nuburyo bwubukungu bwo gusimbuza amacupa ya plastike nuducupa twikirahure.

Nkigice cyingenzi cyibiyobyabwenge, gupakira ibiyobyabwenge bikurura abantu benshi.Ibikoresho bya Qiancai byizera ko ubwiza bwimbere bwibiyobyabwenge ari ngombwa, ariko gupakira hanze ntibishobora kwirengagizwa.Cyane cyane uyumunsi, hamwe no kurushaho kunoza gahunda yumutekano wubuvuzi, ni rusange muri rusange kugura ibiyobyabwenge wenyine.Ubwiza buke bwo gupakira ibiyobyabwenge ntibuzatuma gusa ubwiza bwibiyobyabwenge butemerwa gusa, ahubwo bizagira ingaruka no kumenyekana kwabakora kandi bitume ibicuruzwa bidashoboka.

Gukoresha ibirahuri mubipfunyika ibiyobyabwenge bifite ibyiza byinshi. Mbere ya byose, ikirahure gifite ubukana bukabije bwubushyuhe, bufite agaciro kanini mubikorwa bya farumasi.Ibicuruzwa bikoreshwa mu bya farumasi akenshi bigomba kubikwa ku bushyuhe runaka kugira ngo bitangirika kandi imikorere yabyo idahinduka.Kubwibyo, ikirahuri kirashobora gukoreshwa kugirango ubushyuhe bwiza bwibicuruzwa bikubiyemo.Ibirahure ntibikora hamwe n’imiti.Nubwo isura yacyo yo hanze ihura nibindi bicuruzwa n’imiti, ntibishobora kubangamira ibikoresho bifite isuku.Ibicuruzwa bya farumasi bigizwe nuruvange rwihariye, rwabazwe.Ibishobora kwanduza ibyo bicuruzwa bibangamira cyane abarwayi bakoresha iyi miti.Kubwibyo, umutungo udakabije cyane wikirahure ni ingirakamaro mugukoresha mugupakira ibiyobyabwenge.Ibindi bikoresho bikoreshwa mubipfunyika ibiyobyabwenge, ubwoko bwa plastike, bizabyitwaramo.Ibi bivuze ko bidashobora gukoreshwa mugupakira ibicuruzwa byose bya farumasi, kuko bishobora kubyitwaramo ibintu biri imbere.Mbere yuko abahanga bahitamo gukoresha ibikoresho bipfunyitse bikwiye, bagomba gukora iperereza kubishobora kubyitwaramo.Kubera ko ikirahuri kitazabyitwaramo, ni byiza guhitamo ikirahure.Ikindi cyiza nuko kitava.Kimwe nubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa plastiki, buzasohora imiti yitwa bisphenol A cyangwa BPA.Abantu bamwe bizera ko BPA imiti yanduye izagira ingaruka mbi mubwonko n'umuvuduko w'amaraso.Nubwo nta bushakashatsi bw’amavuriro bwakozwe kugira ngo hemezwe isano iri hagati yo kuva kwa BPA n’ingaruka mbi z’ubuzima, guhitamo ibirahuri nkibikoresho bipakira ibiyobyabwenge bikuraho iki kibazo.Ikirahure kirashobora kandi kwanduza byoroshye no gukomeza imikorere yacyo mugihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi, cyangiza bagiteri na mikorobe.

Hanyuma, ikirahure gifite ibindi bintu byinshi biranga, bikagira ibikoresho byo gupakira ibiyobyabwenge.Kurugero, ntabwo bikomeye gusa kandi biramba, ariko birashobora no gushyirwaho byoroshye kandi bigahinduka muburyo bwihariye.

Mu bihugu mpuzamahanga byateye imbere, ibikoresho bitandukanye byo gupakira hamwe nuburyo bwo gupakira bigenda bitera imbere kandi bigahinduka.Gupakira ibiyobyabwenge bingana na 30% byagaciro k’ibiyobyabwenge, mugihe mubushinwa, igipimo kiri hafi 10%.Nyuma yo kwinjira muri WTO, imishinga myinshi y’imiti mpuzamahanga izinjira mu Bushinwa, ibyo bikaba bitongera amarushanwa mu nganda z’imiti mu Bushinwa, ahubwo binagira ingaruka zikomeye ku nganda zipakira imiti mu gihugu.

Iyindi nyungu nuko itazatemba.Kimwe nubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa plastiki, buzasohora imiti yitwa bisphenol A cyangwa BPA.Abantu bamwe bizera ko BPA imiti yanduye izagira ingaruka mbi mubwonko n'umuvuduko w'amaraso.Nubwo nta bushakashatsi bw’amavuriro bwakozwe kugira ngo hemezwe isano iri hagati yo kuva kwa BPA n’ingaruka mbi z’ubuzima, guhitamo ibirahuri nkibikoresho bipakira ibiyobyabwenge bikuraho iki kibazo.Ikirahure kirashobora kandi kwanduza byoroshye no gukomeza imikorere yacyo mugihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi, cyangiza bagiteri na mikorobe.

Hanyuma, ikirahure gifite ibindi bintu byinshi biranga, bikagira ibikoresho byo gupakira ibiyobyabwenge.Kurugero, ntabwo bikomeye gusa kandi biramba, ariko birashobora no gushyirwaho byoroshye kandi bigahinduka muburyo bwihariye.

Imyaka itanu iri imbere izaba igihe gikomeye cyiterambere ryihuse ryibikoresho bya farumasi mubushinwa.Yaba ipaki yatewe inshinge, inshinge zamazi, ibinini, amazi yo mumunwa, cyangwa infusion nini, ibikoresho bitandukanye byo gupakira hamwe nuburyo bwo gupakira bizasimburana kandi bihangane murwego rwo gupakira imiti nibikorwa byihariye nibyiza byabo.

Ubwoko bwose bwibikoresho byizewe, byiza, byoroshye kandi bishya nibikoresho byo gupakira hamwe nuburyo bwo gupakira bizakomeza kunozwa no guhanga udushya hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryinganda zimiti.Hamwe nibyiza byayo byo gukomera, kuramba, umutekano, kuramba, gutuza no kongera gukoreshwa, ikirahuri gifite ibyiza byihariye kumasoko azaza.Ibirahure bifite ibyiza byinshi nkibikoresho byo gupakira ibiyobyabwenge.Nubwo abahanga bamwe bavuga ko mugihe abahanga bashakisha inzitizi zifatika zo kurinda imiti irokora ubuzima, uburyo bukoreshwa cyane bwo gufunga ibirahuri hamwe na elastike bishobora guhita bishaje, ibirahure birashobora kuba ibikoresho byingenzi mubikorwa bya farumasi.

Mu bihe biri imbere, tuzabona ibikoresho byo gupakira bidukikije byangiza ibidukikije bikoreshwa mu nganda zimiti, kandi ikirahuri cyongeye gukoreshwa ni ikintu cyingenzi.Muri iki gihe icyibandwaho ni ugutezimbere ibikoresho bikomeye, biramba, bifite umutekano kandi birambye.Mu myaka mirongo iri imbere, ibinini, siringi n'amacupa yindi miti nibicuruzwa bya farumasi birashobora gukomeza kwishingikiriza ku kirahure.